During 2023, a number of operational efficiency and dematerialisation projects coupled with the slower market conditions contributed to the significant reduction in absolute carbon emissions resulting in a 37% reduction in absolute Scope1 & 2 carbon relative to a 2019 baseline.

The carbon intensity metric for 2023 was 0.151 tonnes of carbon per tonne of production, an increase since 2022 due to the estate running at a lower efficiency as the market slowed.

We expect continued incremental improvements in carbon reduction during 2024 and for energy and carbon operational efficiencies to benefit factories when the market recovers and they return to full capacity.

Our focus remains on the longer-term transformational projects including alternatives to natural gas and process emissions reduction.